Personal Statement Becoming A Leader - 1220 Words

â€Å"She knew you would make the right decisions,† is what my sister said to me as the room of onlookers glared awaiting my response. Amidst the grief of the moment, I struggled to grasp ahold of my abilities, and thoughts, resisting the urge to scream at the universe and engage my right to squander in my grief. In reality, I was the youngest sibling, holding the accountability of being an active leader. This was not your everyday decision making process, it was the planning of burial arrangements after the loss of our mother. Rapidly, decoding through the streams of my emotions, I collected my strength and continued with the process. In the end, I survived by drawing upon my emotional intelligence, intuition, and practical skills. There†¦show more content†¦I learned how to interact with diverse populations. In the course of work, I was exposed to program planning, development, and evaluation procedures from skilled professionals within the agency. My achievements on this project led to two promotions in a five year period. Promoted to a Unit Supervisor in 2009, I supervised a diverse team responsible for determining eligibility for OWF, Food Assistance and Medicaid. We achieved our core responsibility of meeting payment accuracy and timeliness standards. I also participated as a member of the resource committee, responsible for reviewing and developing departmental policies. Along with serving as the co-chair of the 2011 annual United Way campaign. During this campaign season we organized first time events such as â€Å"networking over mock-tails†, breakfast waffle bar, and food trucks resulting in an increasing in the annual fundraising total. As a result of success and demonstration of strong leadership in prior roles I was promoted to a Division Manager in 2012, responsible for managing the Call Center. The Call Center is a very critical component to customer service, but was at the time operating with a less than efficient message taking business model. Challenged by understaffing, ineffective call routing, and clerical staff with limited knowledge and proficiency. I willingly accept the task of realigning operations to meet our core mission of improved customer service.Show MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : Becoming A Leader790 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Becoming a leader is a skill that grows throughout one’s life. Individuals are not born leaders rather the skills and traits are developed over time. For me personally, I have broken down my life’s leadership training into three phases, the early years, my teen years, and my adult years. Each segment is unique and builds for the others. Every phase has been absolutely necessary to build my leadership philosophy. Leader in My Early Years of Life I was born to older parents. 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The role as a leader brings along responsibilityRead MoreChartered Accountant1097 Words   |  5 Pagesevaluating financial statements, consulting, preparing budgets and tax returns and analyzing financial information in order to help them with business strategies, auditing services, management, and maximizing production. Chartered Accountants are recognized as leaders of the Canadian business society. The intense programs of education and training have shaped each CA to become an evident leader with financial expertise to help any business grow and succeed in society. 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Considering statements such as â€Å"I’m optimistic about life, and I can see beyond temporary setb acks and problems† and â€Å"I think that personal feelings shouldn t be allowed to get in the way of performance and productivity† are some of my main ideologies that I apply. For example, I worked at a computer repair shop and workingRead MoreEssay on Effective Communication Skills1315 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction An important step to becoming an effective leader is to develop effective communication skills. Communication is the transmission of meaning from one person to another or to many people, whether verbally or non-verbally (Barrett, 2006). Effective communication enables leaders to lead. Effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to covey. As a leader, studying the communication process is important. CommunicationRead MoreJohn W. 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True leadership stands the tests that time throws its way. The takeaways and lessons learned are valuable in every aspect of life which involves working with others and

Criminal Record Does Matter Free Essays

A Criminal Record Does Matter April 11, 2013 Sociology 381 In the article, Mark of a Criminal Record by Devah Pager, the effect that a criminal record has on black and white males is examined. Pager’s goal is to answer whether and to what extent employers use criminal history, whether race plays a role in hiring, and whether there are different results for black applicants than for white applicants when applying for a job. In order to conduct this research Pager uses Audit Methodology. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Record Does Matter or any similar topic only for you Order Now The basic design of this study was to create four different resumes for four different people (testers). Each tester was an articulate college student who took on one of two roles when applying for a job: an ex convict or someone with no criminal history. Each resume had the same level of qualifications for education and job experience. The two black testers were paired together and the two white testers were paired together. Each tester had one resume and the only difference between the resumes within each group was that one had served prison time for possession of cocaine with intent to distribute. The first objective of the study was to find out whether and to what extent employers use information about criminal history in making hiring decisions. This was important because in the sample taken by Pager (2003), 27% of employers said they would perform background checks on all applicants. However, the actual number was most likely higher because employers were not required to indicate whether or not they intended to perform background checks (Pager, 2003, p. 953). And although not all employers actually do this, it still implied that, to some degree, a criminal history will affect job opportunities. One criticism to this type of research was that employers use other characteristics to determine whether or not the applicant will be hired and not the criminal record. This says that the same characteristics that make a person resort to crime happen to overlap with characteristics that make a person an undesirable employee. This objective and study was designed to find out how true that is. It has been found that a criminal record plays a significant role during the hiring process. A criminal record reduced the likelihood of a call back by 50%. 4% of whites without a criminal record received a callback compared to 17% of whites with a criminal background. For one tedious job application for a trucking service, one applicant was told that the job had been filled after the employer reviewed the application. Keep in mind, though, that the applicant had to check with the supervisor several different times during the application process in order to complete the application. The second ob jective was to find out the extent to which race continues to serve as a major barrier to employment. This is important because racial inequality is a prevalent issue that has been heavily debated in regards to job opportunities. African Americans have lower rates of employment compared to whites. There is disagreement over the cause of these discriminations. This method of testing is designed to address this question. Recent studies have doubted the importance of race when it comes to the job hiring process. Some recent arguments have stated that other factors such as spatial location, soft skills, social capital, and cognitive ability are to blame rather than race. This study compares equally qualified black and white applicants who apply for the same job and the frequency each one received call backs. One surprising finding is that out of the black applicants without criminal records, only 14% were called back compared to 34% of white applicants without criminal history. What really makes the results of this audit so surprising is that whites with criminal backgrounds were called back more than blacks without a criminal background at 17% of the time. Blacks with criminal history were only a little less likely to be called back than their noncriminal counterparts at 14% of the time. The third objective is to assess whether the effect of a criminal record differs for black and white applicants. This is important because criminal history can affect job opportunities and may even be more troublesome depending on the race of the applicant. Effects of criminal records for blacks and whites can be even more detrimental in times of economic hardships. One employer for a janitorial service said that the company had been extremely short staffed and had to interview virtually every applicant. Now with job scarcity, even the most entry level jobs are able to be more selective about whom they employ. It is important to recognize the possible racial differences in the effects of incarceration. Current literature on racial stereotypes says that â€Å"stereotypes are most likely to be activated and reinforced when a target matches on more than one dimension of the stereotype† (Pager, 2003, p. 45). This may make employers, who already have preconceived notions, even more wary with proven past criminal behavior. The results of the study showed that the effect of a criminal record is more pronounced and impacting blacks 40% more than whites. On three separate occasions black testers were asked if they had criminal backgrounds before they submitted their applications. I had a lot of different reactions to this article. Before I read th e article I had a couple different assumptions that were correct. For example, I already figured that a criminal record would affect opportunity for hire and that it would have a bigger impact for blacks than for whites. I was, however, surprised to learn that whites with a criminal history were more often called back than blacks with a clean history. I did not know that there was still such discrimination with the workplace. I was more disturbed by how much a criminal record affected overall employment rather than by how much race played a role. One finding that really bothered me was that there are no limitations as to how far back an employer can go when performing a background check. Employers may potentially reject an applicant because of a crime committed many years prior or even during adolescents and according to Kurlychek (2007), individuals who have juvenile or early adult records have a lower chance of recidivism. With today’s technology it is even easier to access this information, making it more likely that an employer will look at the background, making the mark of a criminal record even more problematic. Employers are allowed to deny employment if the offense directly relates to the job. This is vague and the lack of regulation and accountability on the employer’s part makes it easy for them to dismiss an applicant and blame it on other â€Å"defects† of character or qualification even though these defects may be completely erroneous. Another part of the results that is shocking is that these testers are articulate college students, and even though they took on criminal personas, are still not being selected. During the study the testers were the â€Å"best possible scenario† ex convicts, meaning that each one had some college education and his own transportation. Each applicant put down his parole officer’s name and had other references. Very rarely did the employer contact any of the references. To me, this means that regardless of how well presented a person is or even if he/she has credible references that are able to atone for his/her character and reliability, a criminal record may destroy any chance a person has for a particular job. One important part of Pager’s study is that the testers were open and upfront about their criminal background. The part of this which stuck out in my mind was even if the job application did not request criminal information, it was still given. And according to Pager (2003), this reflects real life situations, as it is assumed that most employers will eventually find out; with that being said, these people are being openly labeled as ex convicts. Labels serve as cues to how others respond to an individual and have even been formalized into law so that people who have criminal records face civil disenfranchisement (Kurlychek, 2007, p. 67). Another aspect of this I found incredibly shocking is that people labeled deviant suffered more setbacks in search of employment than did illegal aliens. I realize there are different types of offending and I believe each one should be treated on a case by case basis, but the fact remains, it is easier for an illegal alien to find employment than some U. S. citizens who are labeled as criminals. â€Å"50% of cases, employers were unwilling to consider equally qualified applicants on the basis of their criminal record† (Pager, 2003, p. 956). I find this statistic to be very unsurprising yet unfair in some circumstances. The fact that half of the employers polled will not even consider an applicant because of a criminal record is absurd, especially, in cases such as the one studied in Pager’s audit. This finding is supported by a study reviewed in Kurlychek’s article: 25 employers received a resume with a criminal history and only one offered the applicant employment (2007, p. 67). Each crime is different, and as I have previously stated, each one should be considered on a case by case basis. I do not believe that all hope for employment should be abolished due to the criminal record described in Pager’s study. The testers were one time offenders whom otherwise would have been viewed as good candidates for employment. In one study by Cheng, Kim, and Lo (2008), there was a positive correlation between the number of offenses committed in the past and the likelihood of reoffending. Other findings in Kurlychek’s (2007) article state that the majority of one time offenders do not continue to offend and either learn their lesson or grow out of it. I should add, when an offender forms a positive social tie, such as the one that would be created due to employment, the chances of offending decrease. After reading these articles, the way I view those with criminal records is a little bit different. I am very open-minded, I give people the benefit of the doubt, and I do not believe that a criminal history defines who a person is or their ability to perform certain tasks. Although, each situation needs to be evaluated separately by factors other than the presence of a criminal record. I think one time offenders should be given more leniency and there should be more focus on the offender’s pattern (or lack thereof) of criminality. The way in which offenders are labeled in society by both written and unwritten law is another aspect I see a little differently. I never realized how difficult it is to escape the stigmatization of being labeled as deviant. This kind of negative label has the ability to haunt people their entire lives, even if their offense can be attributed to one bad decision made while maturing. References Cheng, T. , Kim, Y. , Lo, C. (n. d. ). Offense specialization of arrestees. (2008). An Event History Analysis,  54(3), 341-365. doi: 10. 1177/0011128707305746 Kurlychek, M. , Brame, R. , Bushway, S. (n. d. ). Enduring risk? old criminal records and predictions of future criminal involvement . (2007). Crime Delinquency  ,  53(1), 64-83. doi: 10. 1177/0011128706294439 Pager, D. (n. d. ). The mark of a criminal record. (2003). American Journal of Sociology,  108(5), 937-975. doi: 10. 1086/374403 How to cite Criminal Record Does Matter, Papers

Construction Of A Single Storey House Construction Essay Example For Students

Construction Of A Single Storey House Construction Essay Mr Alex Cheah the proprietor of the land secret plan 23A in Petaling Jaya Seksyen 13 is be aftering to construct his ain individual floor bungalow house. It has ever been Mr Alex Cheah s dream to construct his ain dream place. Mr Alex wants his dream place to hold a modern construct with all the latest installations and equipment. In order to do this dream world Mr Alex Cheah as the undertaking patron has appointed Sunway Group Berhad as the developer of Mr Alex s future individual floor bungalow house. Developer is the large foreman of whole building undertaking and the 1 who developes the empty lands. Bing a developer, rich is nt the cardinal character because they can borrow money from bank or contra the land to the bank. Sunway Group Berhad is and has been a good known developing company in Malaysia. Seeded in a little tin-mining company established in 1974, Sunway Group has thrived to go one of Malaysia s most widely recognized and diversified pudding stones with a battalion of established concerns. Its nucleus concerns include: civil technology and building ; edifice stuffs ; trading and fabrication ; quarrying ; information engineering ; belongings development and investing ; leisure, amusement and cordial reception ; health care ; and instruction. The Group s flagship development is the booming 800-acre Sunway Integrated Resort City in Bandar Sunway, located merely 20 proceedingss outside the state s capital metropolis of Kuala Lumpur. The township is a regular Resurrection from a creaky ex-mining land. Its fully-integrated installations supplying the Group s hallmark Resort Living within the City, has received a host of awards and international awards. Sunway Integrated Resort City remains one of the part s best-known tourer finishs. In this undertaking of building a individual floor bungalow house for Mr Alex, Sunway Group as the developer will be passing over undertaking to Sunway s Project Manager ( Reuben Raj ) to be to the full in charge over this undertaking. Reuben Raj as the undertaking director will delegate people from different companies and houses to work together to construct this house. The undertaking director will make three different working groups which are the Management squad, Design squad and the building squad. A Consultant aids in programming, gauging, etc. They do do day-to-day studies for the developers to look into. Advisers can be say as a in-between cat between contractor and developer. They give advices or remarks to the contractors once they are non following the program to work. If the undertaking has any jobs, developer may looks for the adviser to give advice or complain to the contractor. Warning missive will be given by the adviser to contractor if there s any unsatisfactory with the client. They do besides hold a site meeting to discourse about the advancement and to do the solutions if there s any jobs occur. The appointed adviser for Sunway Group will be none other than Tan Huat Chye. Tan Huat Chye is a Human Capital and Organizational Development ( OD ) adviser by profession. Tan Huat Chye helps MNC and local-based companies in assorted Organizational and Human Capital issues such as EQ Development, Talent Management, Leadership Development, Succession Management, Competency Development, Performance Management and Reward Management. The profession is one that provides a making gained following formal instruction, specific preparation and experience that provides a general set of accomplishments that are so applied to a diverse assortment of jobs. Predominantly these relate to costs and contracts on building undertakings. Other countries in which QS find employment include belongings studies for concealed defects on behalf of possible buyers, running estates, valuing the mineral sedimentations for excavation companies, selling belongings and even Leasehold Reform Act work. Traditionally referred to as a Professional Quantity Surveyor or Private Practice Quantity Surveyor they are loosely concerned with contracts and costs on building undertakings. The methods employed, nevertheless, cover a scope of activities which may include cost planning, value direction, feasibleness study|feasibility surveies, cost benefit analysis, lifecycle costing, tendering, rating, alteration control, difference declaration and cost ap praisal. .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656 , .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656 .postImageUrl , .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656 , .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656:hover , .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656:visited , .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656:active { border:0!important; } .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656:active , .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; pad ding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656 .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua2c8fee32f4a5e2d1757ad19be03e656:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Paulo Freire's "The Banking Concept of Education" Essay

Lourdes is too commercialised Do you agree or disagree Essay Example

Lourdes is too commercialised Do you agree or disagree Essay Lourdes is a centre of pilgrimage that is known throughout the Christian world. However, it is a place of two contrasting halves. One is the serene, holy and special place that is the main basilicas and the main features of the actual site of the pilgrimage. The other is the highly commercialised, profit-orientated area. This is full of souvenir shops and hotels, not associated with the church, but out to make a profit. There are two very different approaches to Lourdes, some highlight the commercialism in negative way, and others choose to see the positive merits. I will explore both sides of this argument and come to a conclusion.People who come to Lourdes often say that the commercialism has a bad effect; they say that it detracts from the religious aura and the general special feeling of the place. Others would argue that this touristy atmosphere adds to the mood of Lourdes. Many feel that people should be able to detach themselves from the commercialism, as the actual religious sites are not affected in the same way as the rest of the town. After all, it is ones personal choice to go into the shops and buy things. People that oppose this positive argument for commercialism often say that the things for sale in the shops are verging on blasphemous and should not be allowed full stop, they are tacky and are sold for extortionate prices.Away from the religious side, the commercialism has brought nothing but good things for Lourdes as a community, the local economy receiving a substantial boost not to mention the jobs created. Many would argue that there is no getting away from the commercialism and that we should not let it affect us, after all the events that took place at Lourdes are far too important to be affected by it. Lots would say that as the church does not receive any sort of profit from the commercialisation of Lourdes then it is a bad thing, because commercialism stands for everything the church does not profit, greed and material happiness. For example the incident in Matthew 21:12/13 cast out all those who were buying and selling in the temple, and overturned the tables of the moneychangers and the seats of those who were selling doves my house shall be called a house of prayer; but you are making it a robbers denI personally believe that Lourdes is not too commercialised. I think that it can be forgotten and that the real purpose of Lourdes is for physical and more importantly spiritual healing. People have their own choice about whether to let it detract from the experience, some even say that it helps. Obviously, it is a matter of personal preference, but I believe that if someone truly believe in the events that took place here, the they can see that their importance far outweighs the negatives of the commercialism.

Review of Interventions That Apply Scripture in Psychotherapy Essay Example

Review of Interventions That Apply Scripture in Psychotherapy Essay Example Review of Interventions That Apply Scripture in Psychotherapy Essay Review of Interventions That Apply Scripture in Psychotherapy Essay Summary Garzon (2005) seeks to describe ways in which a therapist may use Scripture within psychotherapy interventions and to increase the awareness of therapists in these techniques. He bases this description by utilizing a case study by the name of George. Garzon contemplates issues surrounding scripture interventions. The article proceeds to relate interventions that use implicit scripture, psycho educational, theo educational, behavioral, cognitive, and affective experiential approaches. Ethical concerns are present within this discussion. Garzon (2005) relates to the reader that one must acknowledge that within these interventions dual relationships occur, boundaries may be violated between church and state, an imposition of values and issues such as informed consent and competency of the counselor do arise. Ways to avoid these ethical pitfalls are to have a inclusive conformed consent, conduct assessments that clearly define the clients spiritual beliefs, and use the scripture interventions only with certain clients (Garzon). The religious background of both counselor and client must be positive to avoid negative outcomes such as guilt. Implicit integration may include empathetic stance of the counselor, praying for the client, and the spiritual life of the counselor. Garzon (2005) also covers integration with psychoeducational approaches. This is exemplified through providing a client with scripture that shows the emotions of Christ or the trials of Job as two possibilities to use with someone on emotions and grief process respectively (Garzon). Another intervention to use with the case study is a theoeducational avenue. Garzon shows that he clients comments pointed to the heavy view of sin nature while minimizing the love of God. Work in this area and with his view of his father allowed the client to re evaluate his theological stance. Behavioral and cognitive approaches are also suggested (Garzon, 2005). Teaching breathing techniques can be integrated using scripture verses upon breathing out. The cognitive approach suggested is using REBT or Greenberger and Padeskys (as cited by Garzon) seven column technique. Inductive reasoning is utilized and scripture can be incorporated to adjust the way the the client thinks. Using scripture as an affective experiential approaches is also explained by Garzon. Here he allows the client to put himself into scripture through meditating on a specific part and allowing God to heal through this experience. Garzon (2005) uses this article to highlight some techniques and allows the reader an opportunity to expand their ability to integrate Christianity. It is noted that this was not all inclusive of every technique utilizing scripture but merely an example of professional Christians working with scripture with other Christians. Interaction This article was informative. The technique that resonated most with me was the affective experiential technique. I believe this approach can be highly effective but also requires a clinician that has an adequate basis of both scripture and psychology. When considering how powerful this can be the counselor must be sure of the clients need and the therapists ability to take the client before the Savior. In this article, Garzon (2005) speaks of using the story of the woman in need of healing but changes it to the self esteem problem of his client. By putting the client as the character in the story he was able to experience a transformation from Christ. This is incredibly powerful and in my opinion should only be used by someone trained in this technique. The cognitive approach seems to fit nicely with Christian perspective. A Christian is to form their thinking, attitudes and actions according to the Bible. Therefore it only makes sense to take irrational thoughts or ideas and reformulate these thoughts to bring about new attitudes and actions. The behavioral approach mentioned as well helps the Christian client to relax utilizing helpful scripture. Scripture can be used in a theoeducational and a pychoeducational way to provide help to clients. As Garzon (2005) provides an example, using Job when dealing with grief. Many people may find comfort, guidance and clarity through scripture. A counselor would have to watch for the pitfall of pushing their views onto the client. If both come from the same background or if the counselor has great understanding of the clients belief system the risk would be reduced. Application The use of prayer and scripture in psychotherapy is something that Christian therapists and some non Christian therapists may choose to use within their sessions with Christian clients. An example of using scripture and prayer in a case where the client was experiencing racing thoughts and anxiety over too many problems occurring at one time; A counselor could assess the client to see if they agree with the statement that God wants to receive your burdens and heal your heart while sanctifying you. The counselor could even simply give these following scripture verses to the client: Romans 5:3-4, Philippians 4:6-7, 1Peter 5:7 and Psalm 54:22. The sense that one is not alone and can go to the Lord with their burdens can help to ease anxiety. The client can write their burdens on paper and place into a box. In prayer present them to the Lord asking Him to give peace, guidance and clarity. The client can take the problem with the Holy Spirit guidance and then work on that one area with the rest of the problems resting with the Lord. This exercise can help to relieve some anxiety while also dealing with issues. The idea, â€Å"God wants to receive your burdens and heal your heart while sanctifying you† can also be a thought that one can breath through when thoughts begin to race. Inner healing prayer seems fascinating to me. The â€Å"desire to bring these core issues and connected emotions ‘into the living presence of God’ for processing, as well as for processing with the therapist are the goal. This could be quite effective for those struggling with irrational beliefs about themselves and feelings of helplessness as well as many other conditions. This powerful experience could be life changing. Overall, there is significant benefit to understanding the spiritual beliefs of the client and as a Christian counselor to center the therapy on Christ. References Garzon, F. (2005) Interventions that apply scripture in psychotherapy. Journal of Psychology and Theology 33 (2) 113-121.

Overview of the Book Stigma by Erving Goffman

Overview of the Book Stigma by Erving Goffman Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity is a book written by sociologist  Erving Goffman in 1963 about the idea of stigma and what it is like to be a stigmatized person. It is a look into the world of people considered abnormal by society. Stigmatized people are those that do not have full social acceptance and are constantly striving to adjust their social identities: physically deformed people, mental patients, drug addicts, prostitutes, etc. Goffman relies extensively on autobiographies and case studies to analyze stigmatized persons’ feelings about themselves and their relationships to â€Å"normal† people. He looks at the variety of strategies that stigmatized individuals use to deal with the rejection of others and the complex images of themselves that they project to others. Three Types of Stigma In the first chapter of the book, Goffman identifies three types of stigma: stigma of character traits, physical stigma, and stigma of group identity. Stigma of character traits are: â€Å"...blemishes of individual character perceived as weak will, domineering, or unnatural passions, treacherous and rigid beliefs, and dishonesty, these being inferred from a known record of, for example, mental disorder, imprisonment, addiction, alcoholism, homosexuality, unemployment, suicidal attempts, and radical political behavior.† Physical stigma refers to physical deformities of the body, while stigma of group identity is a stigma that comes from being of a particular race, nation, religion, etc. These stigmas are transmitted through lineages and contaminate all members of a family. What all of these types of stigma have in common is that they each have the same sociological features: â€Å"...an individual who might have been received easily in normal social intercourse possesses a trait that can obtrude itself upon attention and turn those of us whom he meets away from him, breaking the claim that his other attributes have on us.† When Goffman refers to â€Å"us,† he is referring to the non-stigmatized, which he calls the â€Å"normals.† Stigma Responses Goffman discusses a number of responses that stigmatized people can take. For example, they could undergo plastic surgery, however, they still risk being exposed as someone who was formerly stigmatized. They can also make special efforts to compensate for their stigma, such as drawing attention to another area of the body or to an impressive skill. They can also use their stigma as an excuse for their lack of success, they can see it as a learning experience, or they can use it to criticize â€Å"normals.† Hiding, however, can lead to further isolation, depression, and anxiety and when they do go out in public, they can, in turn, feel more self-conscious and afraid to display anger or other negative emotions. Stigmatized individuals can also turn to other stigmatized people or sympathetic others for support and coping. They can form or join self-help groups, clubs, national associations, or other groups to feel a sense of belonging. They might also produce their own conferences or magazines to raise their morale. Stigma Symbols In chapter two of the book,  Goffman discusses the role of â€Å"stigma symbols.† Symbols are a part of information control; they are used to understand others. For example, a wedding ring is a symbol that shows others that someone is married. Stigma symbols are similar. Skin color is a stigma symbol, as is a hearing aid, cane, shaved head, or wheelchair. Stigmatized people often use symbols as â€Å"disidentifiers† in order to try to pass as a â€Å"normal.† For instance, if an illiterate person is wearing ‘intellectual’ glasses, they might be trying to pass as a literate person; or, a homosexual person who tells ‘queer jokes’ might be trying to pass as a heterosexual person. These covering attempts, however, can also be problematic. If a stigmatized person tries to cover their stigma or pass as a â€Å"normal,† they have to avoid close relationships, and passing can often lead to self-contempt. They also need to constantly be alert and always checking their houses or bodies for signs of stigmatization. Rules for Handling Normals In chapter three of this book, Goffman discusses the rules that stigmatized people follow when handling â€Å"normals.† One must assume that â€Å"normals† are ignorant rather than malicious.No response is needed to snubs or insults, and the stigmatized should either ignore or patiently refute the offense and views behind it.The stigmatized should try to help reduce the tension by breaking the ice and using humor or even self-mockery.The stigmatized should treat â€Å"normals† as if they are honorary wise.The stigmatized should follow disclosure etiquette by using disability as a topic for serious conversation, for example.The stigmatized should use tactful pauses during conversations to allow recovery from shock over something that was said.The stigmatized should allow intrusive questions and agree to be helped.The stigmatized should see oneself as â€Å"normal† in order to put â€Å"normals† at easy. Deviance In the final two chapters of the book, Goffman discusses the underlying social functions of stigmatization, such as social control,  as well as the implications that stigma has for theories of deviance. For instance, stigma and deviance can be functional and acceptable in society if it is within limits and boundaries.

Economic Environment of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Economic Environment of China - Essay Example This issue is one of the most sought after topics for the researchers because in the recent years a lot of flexibility has been allowed in the economic system of China. There are several sectors where the private players are being allowed to exist in the market. The stringent restrictions on the property rights of the country have also been relaxed. The paper also analyses the economic systems that the other developed and developing countries have adopted. The comparison of the economic systems provides an insight into the various pros and cons of the set ups that are existent across the world. The fundamental premise for the contention is that the economic structure and the systems of a particular economy are a major determinant of the growth and prosperity of the economy. The world has witnessed the set up of different kinds of economic systems over different eras. There are various countries that have adopted different theories and have tried to implement them into their economies . The economic set up that China, Russia or Poland have followed the socialist structure while that of the US or German Economy have adopted the capitalist set up. In this paper comparison of China has been done with the other countries that work on a different economic model. A variety of economic systems around the world can be observed. In the Capitalist economic system which is alternatively called the market economy, the forces of demand and supply are allowed to operate. The prices and quantities to be sold are determined in the free market and there is no restriction put by the government on the determination of the prices that are sold in the market. Thus the profit or surplus that is earned by the owners of the means of production remains on their hands and the employees or the workers are eligible for salaries or wages (Gardner 27). The economic structure of the United States is of the capitalist type because this ideology has been applied in the economic system of the Uni ted States. In an alternative system that is the Socialist structure of the economy, the entire ownership of the means of the production lies with the government of the country. In this kind of a socialist system the surplus that is derived out of the production of goods and services after the payment of the wages are equitably distributed among the people that constitute the residents of the entire nation. Even the disabled people who directly cannot contribute to the production get an equal share of the surplus as the wage earners are entitled to. The main proponents of the theory of socialism were Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. They believed in the theory of class struggle and the theory of surplus value. A third kind of economic system that has the quality of both the capitalist structure and the socialist structure is the mixed economy. In this kind of an economic structure, the public and the private sector institutions coexist (Conklin 37). The government of such mixed econo mies does not interfere into the activities of the private sector directly but they do have certain restrictions imposed on them in the form of legal and constitutional regulations. The economy of India is an example of mixed economy where there is the coexistence of the private and the government players in the markets. Literature review The

Let Your Style Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Let Your Style Change - Essay Example It aims at opening the mind of the learner to recognition of the usefulness of what is being mastered. Finally, the learner at ri level no longer perceives the rules as constrictions but as the basis to learning and freedom. The learner acts according to mind or heart desires without overstepping laws. Shu ha ri could be applied in real world. In human resources management, organizational leaders receive training to act as coaches and not as managers, thus resulting in an inclusive leadership style. It has also found application in software development, considered to be more of an art than science, where solutions and requirements involve collaboration among cross-functional teams, resulting in evolutionary development and swift response to changes. For a team of project members new to agile methodologies, the three strategies I would use include teaching, coaching and advising. I will teach them on agile values, practices and principles. Having an understanding of these, coaching would be introduced to help them find different solutions in developing their own solutions. After fully internalizing these values, practices and principles, I would adopt the role of being an advisor to

A Christmas Carol Essay Example for Free

A Christmas Carol Essay As proved by in Scrooges words and character the Ghost of Christmas Past has had a positive impact on the transformation in his character. The Ghost of Christmas Present shows Scrooge another view of Christmas, a view in which Scrooge had never encountered before in the past or present, a view into a poor familys house in this case his clerk Bob Cratchits house. They watched as they dined and then sit round the fire. Scrooge asked if Tiny Tim will live which indicates to the reader that he has a slight feeling of remorse as he is partly to blame for paying such a low wage. The Ghost says that if the future is unaltered he will die however then uses Scrooges own words against him saying if he be like to die, he had better do it and decrease the surplus population. Hearing these words he hung his head with guilt. He had learnt a lot from that visit and had come to his senses about the poor realizing that they lived every day going hungry, wearing rags, some were ill but couldnt afford treatment. The theme explored during this scene was guilt. The Ghost then takes him to his nephews house where a Christmas party is underway. When they played music all the things that the ghost had shown him, came upon his mind and he gradually softened. Through that if he could have listened to it often, years ago, he might have cultivated the kindness of life for his own happiness with his own hands. This shows that his past experiences with the Ghosts have had a great impact on his character as the sound of music softened and brought kindness to his heart realizing his past mistakes. He reacts in a very different manner compared to his own when everybody starts singing and dancing, he joins in without a care in the world singing and dancing, joining in with the fun. However being in a shadow he couldnt be seen or heard. The Phantom then shows Scrooge two children both wretched, frightful, hideous, miserable ragged where devils lurked from his robe. They were the children of man symbolizing mans Ignorance and Want. Scrooge was told to beware before it vanished. The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come has been made the most the most frightening of all described as a phantom moving silently concealing his face and form in a deep black garment. They first went and overheard a conversation between a group of businessmen. They were talking about Scrooges death. They commented on his legacy, however concluded that he left it to his company. They talked about his funeral, not caring at all. One queried whether they should make up a party and volunteer; another replied I dont mind going if a lunch is provided. This shows that Scrooge was a very uncared for person. Scrooge understands that if he changes he could change the course of his future. He tells the spirit that he will change and honor Christmas in all his heart. In the last chapter Scrooge was overcome with joy when he realizes its Christmas day. He tells a passing boy to buy the prize turkey and send it to Bob Cratchits. He went out wishing everyone a Merry Christmas as they went by. He sees the charity workers and tells them to come back later where they will receive payment. He went to his nephews house and joined in the party sharing happiness and joy. The next day he got in early catching his clerk coming in late. Bob thought he was going to get fired; instead Scrooge raised his salary and promised to help his struggling family. From this it shows Scrooge was able to redeem himself in every possible way in contrast to the past. From there on Scrooge kept Christmas in his heart and was a changed man. In conclusion the moral in which Dickens is trying to elicit in his readers is in my opinion that It is never too late to change your ways. You should be kind to yourself and others. Sharing Christian values in every possible way. Dickens shows the differences in society between the rich and the poor and how we should help others to benefit all. Especially highlighting the views and opinions of the poor and how they feel because many people arent aware of these factors.

Disability Essay -- essays research papers

In today’s society men have an attraction towards skinny women. The most gorgeous super models are thin and when other girls look at them, they get jealous. Many girls see this, and view themselves as being overweight and have a complex and a desire, which is to be skinny, this disease is called Anorexia. Anorexia is a disease, which affects mostly women and sometimes men. Anorexia is when you think you are fat, and you deprive yourself of food in order to be skinny. They see themselves as being fat and want to strive to be better than the "norm", and by that, being as skinny as possible. The glamorous women are skinny and we see this everywhere in movies, fashion shows, television, magazines etc†¦ Lennard Davis describes normalcy as "Each of us endeavors to be normal or else deliberates tries to avoid that state". (p47 Davis) We humans do everything by comparison, whether it be comparisons between cars, weight, looks, money, and pretty much anything else you can think of. Mostly all us strive to be better than "normal". Anorexia is a disease, which exists when a person has a goal, a goal to look better than anyone else does. Anorexia in itself is a disability because they are unable to function like a normal person should. Their bodies physically deteriorate and they have a complex that is practically incurable. Anorexia physically ruins your skin because you are not consuming any oils and the skin dries out. With prolong Anorexia, females are prone to losing their ability to give birth because of malnutrition. Mentally it kills you because all you think about is how you look, and looks aren’t that important in comparison to your personality. It is called the incurable disease because once someone has this complex they can never really let they eat a fatty food, or ever see them even a pound heavier than they are. When my sister was Anorexic, her doctor asked her, "What would you do if I forced you to eat a Burger Kingâ„ ¢ french fry?" She responded "I’d kill myself". At one point she weighed 97 pounds, and was 5 feet 10 inches tall. My sister fortunately has technically been cured because she eats normally but she still watches what she eats extremely carefully. "Any bell curve will always have at its extremities those characteristics that deviate from the norm. So, with the concept of the norm come... ...are over weight and starve themselves. Society categorizes people in basically two groups, pretty and ugly. Although I do not agree with this, many people are rude to many people who are over weight. If you go to a school where the average girl weighs 160lbs and you weigh 140lbs you may be placed in a category with the "pretty" group. On the other hand if the situation is reversed and the average girl weighs 115lbs, and you weigh 120lbs you may be in the "ugly" group which causes many people to become self conscious and go anorexic. In my sisters case she used to hang out with a group of girls who were very pretty and she had a complex and wanted to look better than the rest of them. Her way was starvation, and once she got to her best looking stage, the "ideal" point, she kept on starving herself leading to detrimental consequences. Many people have many different ideas about anorexia and how it is trying to be more like the "norm" by removing a stigma of being overweight, like in my sisters case except she was never really overweight. Ideology plays a big role in this as well because they never get to their ideal state causing problems.

Second Foundation 20. “I Know…”

The last two months of the Stettinian war did not lag for Homir. In his unusual office as Mediator Extraordinary, he found himself the center of interstellar affairs, a role he could not help but find pleasing. There were no further major battles – a few accidental skirmishes that could scarcely count – and the terms of the treaty were hammered out with little necessity for concessions on the part of the Foundation. Stettin retained his office, but scarcely anything else. His navy was dismantled; his possessions outside the home system itself made autonomous and allowed to vote for return to previous status, full independence or confederation within the Foundation, as they chose. The war was formally ended on an asteroid in Terminus' own stellar system; site of the Foundation's oldest naval base. Lev Meirus signed for Kalgan, and Homir was an interested spectator. Throughout all that period he did not see Dr. Darell, nor any of the others. But it scarcely mattered. His news would keep – and, as always, he smiled at the thought. Dr. Darell returned to Terminus some weeks after VK day, and that same evening, his house served as the meeting place for the five men who, ten months earlier, had laid their first plans. They lingered over dinner and then over wine as though hesitating to return again to the old subject. It was Jole Turbor, who, peering steadily into the purple depths of the wineglass with one eye, muttered, rather than said, â€Å"Well, Homir, you are a man of affairs now, I see. You handled matters well.† â€Å"I?† Munn laughed loudly and joyously. For some reason, he had not stuttered in months. â€Å"I hadn't a thing to do with it. It was Arcadia. By the by, Darell, how is she? She's coming back from Trantor, I heard?† â€Å"You heard correctly,† said Darell, quietly. â€Å"Her ship should dock within the week.† He looked, with veiled eyes, at the others, but there were only confused, amorphous exclamations of pleasure. Nothing else. Turbor said, â€Å"Then it's over, really. Who would have predicted all this ten months ago. Munn's been to Kalgan and back. Arcadia's been to Kalgan and Trantor and is coming back. We've had a war and won it, by Space. They tell you that the vast sweeps of history can be predicted, but doesn't it seem conceivable that all that has just happened, with its absolute confusion to those of us who lived through it, couldn't possibly have been predicted.† â€Å"Nonsense,† said Anthor, acidly. â€Å"What makes you so triumphant, anyway? You talk as though we have really won a war, when actually we have won nothing but a petty brawl which has served only to distract our minds from the real enemy.† There was an uncomfortable silence, in which only Homir Munn's slight smile struck a discordant note. And Anthor struck the arm of his chair with a balled and furyfilled fist, â€Å"Yes, I refer to the Second Foundation. There is no mention of it and, if I judge correctly, every effort to have no thought of it. Is it because this fallacious atmosphere of victory that palls over this world of idiots is so attractive that you feel you must participate? Turn somersaults then, handspring your way into a wall, pound one another's back and throw confetti out the window. Do whatever you please, only get it out of your system – and when you are quite done and you are yourselves again, return and let us discuss that problem which exists now precisely as it did ten months ago when you sat here with eyes cocked over your shoulders for fear of you knew not what. Do you really think that the Mind-masters of the Second Foundation are less to be feared because you have beat down a foolish wielder of spaceships.† He paused, red-faced and panting. Munn said quietly, â€Å"Will you hear me speak now, Anthor? Or do you prefer to continue your role as ranting conspirator?† â€Å"Have your say, Homir,† said Darell, â€Å"but let's all of us refrain from over-picturesqueness of language. It's a very good thing in its place, but at present, it bores me.† Homir Munn leaned back in his armchair and carefully refilled his glass from the decanter at his elbow. â€Å"I was sent to Kalgan,† he said, â€Å"to find out what I could from the records contained in the Mule's Palace. I spent several months doing so. I seek no credit for that accomplishment. As I have indicated, it was Arcadia whose ingenuous intermeddling obtained the entry for me. Nevertheless, the fact remains that to my original knowledge of the Mule's life and times, which, I submit, was not small, I have added the fruits of much labor among primary evidence which has been available to no one else. â€Å"I am, therefore, in a unique position to estimate the true danger of the Second Foundation; much more so than is our excitable friend here.† â€Å"And,† grated Anthor, â€Å"what is your estimate of that danger?† â€Å"Why, zero.† A short pause, and Elvett Semic asked with an air of surprised disbelief, â€Å"You mean zero danger?† â€Å"Certainly. Friends, there is no Second Foundation!† Anthor's eyelids closed slowly and he sat there, face pale and expressionless. Munn continued, aftention-centering and loving it, â€Å"And what is more, there was never one.† â€Å"On what,† asked Darell, â€Å"do you base this surprising conclusion?† â€Å"I deny,† said Munn, â€Å"that it is surprising. You all know the story of the Mule's search for the Second Foundation. But what do you know of the intensity of that search – of the single-mindedness of it. He had tremendous resources at his disposal and he spared none of it. He was single-minded – and yet he failed. No Second Foundation was found.† â€Å"One could scarcely expect it to be found,† pointed out Turbor, restlessly. â€Å"It had means of protecting itself against inquiring minds.† â€Å"Even when the mind that is inquiring is the Mule's mutant mentality? I think not. But come, you do not expect me to give you the gist of fifty volumes of reports in five minutes. All of it, by the terms of the peace treaty will be part of the Seldon Historical Museum eventually, and you will all be free to be as leisurely in your analysis as I have been. You will find his conclusion plainly stated, however, and that I have already expressed. There is not, and has never been, any Second Foundation.† Semic interposed, â€Å"Well, what stopped the Mule, then?† â€Å"Great Galaxy, what do you suppose stopped him? Death did; as it will stop all of us. The greatest superstition of the age is that the Mule was somehow stopped in an all-conquering career by some mysterious entities superior even to himself. It is the result of looking at everything in wrong focus. â€Å"Certainly no one in the Galaxy can help knowing that the Mule was a freak, physical as well as mental. He died in his thirties because his ill-adjusted body could no longer struggle its creaking machinery along. For several years before his death he was an invalid. His best health was never more than an ordinary man's feebleness. All right, then. He conquered the Galaxy and, in the ordinary course of nature, proceeded to die. It's a wonder he proceeded as long and as well as he did. Friends, it's down in the very clearest print. You have only to have patience. You have only to try to look at all facts in new focus.† Darell said, thoughtfully, â€Å"Good, let us try that Munn. It would be an interesting attempt and, if nothing else, would help oil our thoughts. These tampered men – the records of which Anthor brought to us nearly a year ago, what of them? Help us to see them in focus.† â€Å"Easily. How old a science is encephalographic analysis? Or, put it another way, how well-developed is the study of neuronic pathways.† â€Å"We are at the beginning in this respect. Granted,† said Darell. â€Å"Right. How certain can we be then as to the interpretation of what I've heard Anthor and yourself call the Tamper Plateau. You have your theories, but how certain can you be. Certain enough to consider it a firm basis for the existence of a mighty force for which all other evidence is negative? It's always easy to explain the unknown by postulating a superhuman and arbitrary will. â€Å"It's a very human phenomenon. There have been cases all through Galactic history where isolated planetary systems have reverted to savagery, and what have we learned there? In every case, such savages attribute the to-them-incomprehensible forces of Nature – storms, pestilences, droughts – to sentient beings more powerful and more arbitrary than men. â€Å"It is called anthropomorphism, I believe, and in this respect, we are savages and indulge in it. Knowing little of mental science, we blame anything we don't know on supermen – those of the Second Foundation in this case, based on the hint thrown us by Seldon.† â€Å"Oh,† broke in Anthor, â€Å"then you do remember Seldon. I thought you had forgotten. Seldon did say there was a Second Foundation. Get that in focus. â€Å"And are you aware then of all Seldon's purposes. Do you know what necessities were involved in his calculations? The Second Foundation may have been a very necessary scarecrow, with a highly specific end in view. How did we defeat Kalgan, for instance? What were you saying in your last series of articles, Turbor?† Turbor stirred his bulk. â€Å"Yes, I see what you're driving at. I was on Kalgan towards the end, Darell, and it was quite obvious that morale on the planet was incredibly bad. I looked through their news-records and – well. they expected to be beaten. Actually, they were completely unmanned by the thought that eventually the Second Foundation would take a hand, on the side of the First, naturally.† â€Å"Quite right,† said Munn. â€Å"I was there all through the war. I told Stettin there was no Second Foundation and he believed me. He felt safe. But there was no way of making the people suddenly disbelieve what they had believed all their lives, so that the myth eventually served a very useful purpose in Seldon's cosmic chess game.† But Anthor's eyes opened, quite suddenly, and fixed themselves sardonically on Munn's countenance. â€Å"I say you lie.† Homir turned pale, â€Å"I don't see that I have to accept, much less answer, an accusation of that nature.† â€Å"I say it without any intention of personal offense. You cannot help lying; you don't realize that you are. But you lie just the same.† Semic laid his withered hand on the young man's sleeve. â€Å"Take a breath, young fella.† Anthor shook him off, none too gently, and said, â€Å"I'm out of patience with all of you. I haven't seen this man more than half a dozen times in my life, yet I find the change in him unbelievable. The rest of you have known him for years, yet pass it by. It is enough to drive one mad. Do you call this man you've been listening to Homir Munn? He is not the Homir Munn I knew.† A medley of shock; above which Munn's voice cried, â€Å"You claim me to be an impostor?† â€Å"Perhaps not in the ordinary sense,† shouted Anthor above the din, â€Å"but an impostor nonetheless. Quiet, everyone! I demand to be heard.† He frowned them ferociously into obedience. â€Å"Do any of you remember Homir Munn as I do – the introverted librarian who never talked without obvious embarrassment; the man of tense and nervous voice, who stuttered out his uncertain sentences? Does this man sound like him? He's fluent, he's confident, he's fun of theories, and, by Space, he doesn't stutter. Is he the same person?† Even Munn looked confused, and Pelleas Anthor drove on. â€Å"Well, shall we test him?† â€Å"How?† asked Darell. â€Å"You ask how? There is the obvious way. You have his encephalographic record of ten months ago, haven't you? Run one again, and compare.† He pointed at the frowning librarian, and said violently, â€Å"I dare him to refuse to subject himself to analysis.† â€Å"I don't object,† said Munn, defiantly. â€Å"I am the man I always was.† â€Å"Can you know?† said Anthor with contempt. â€Å"I'll go further. I trust no one here. I want everyone to undergo analysis. There has been a war. Munn has been on Kalgan; Turbor has been on board ship and all over the war areas. Darell and Semic have been absent, too – I have no idea where. Only I have remained here in seclusion and safety, and I no longer trust any of the rest of you. And to play fair, I'll submit to testing as well. Are we agreed then? Or do I leave now and go my own way?† Turbor shrugged and said, â€Å"I have no objection.† â€Å"I have already said I don't,† said Munn. Semic moved a hand in silent assent, and Anthor waited for Darell. Finally, Darell nodded his head. â€Å"Take me first,† said Anthor. The needles traced their delicate way across the cross-hatchings as the young neurologist sat frozen in the reclining seat, with lidded eyes brooding heavily. From the files, Darell removed the folder containing Anthor's old encephalographic record. He showed them to Anthor. â€Å"That's your own signature, isn't it?† â€Å"Yes, yes. It's my record. Make the comparison.† The scanner threw old and new on to the screen. All six curves in each recording were there, and in the darkness, Munn's voice sounded in harsh clarity. â€Å"Well, now, look there. There's a change.† â€Å"Those are the primary waves of the frontal lobe. It doesn't mean a thing, Homir. Those additional jags you're pointing to are just anger. It's the others that count.† He touched a control knob and the six pairs melted into one another and coincided. The deeper amplitude of primaries alone introduced doubling. â€Å"Satisfied?† asked Anthor. Darell nodded curtly and took the seat himself. Semic followed him and Turbor followed him. Silently the curves were collected; silently they were compared. Munn was the last to take his seat. For a moment, he hesitated, then, with a touch of desperation in his voice, he said, â€Å"Well now, look, I'm coming in last and I'm under tension. I expect due allowance to be made for that.† â€Å"There will be,† Darell assured him. â€Å"No conscious emotion of yours will affect more than the primaries and they are not important.† It might have been hours, in the utter silence that followed And then in the darkness of the comparison, Anthor said huskily: â€Å"Sure, sure, it's only the onset of a complex. Isn't that what he told us? No such thing as tampering; it's all a silly anthropomorphic notion – but look at it! A coincidence I suppose.† â€Å"What's the matter?† shrieked Munn. Darell's hand was tight on the librarian's shoulder. â€Å"Quiet, Munn – you've been handled; you've been adjusted by them.† Then the light went on, and Munn was looking about him with broken eyes, making a horrible attempt to smile. â€Å"You can't be serious, surely. There is a purpose to this. You're testing me.† But Darell only shook his head. â€Å"No, no, Homir. It's true.† The librarian's eyes were filled with tears, suddenly. â€Å"I don't feel any different. I can't believe it.† With sudden conviction: â€Å"You are all in this. It's a conspiracy.† Darell attempted a soothing gesture, and his hand was struck aside. Munn snarled, â€Å"You're planning to kill me. By Space, you're planning to kill me.† With a lunge, Anthor was upon him. There was the sharp crack of bone against bone, and Homir was limp and flaccid with that look of fear frozen on his face. Anthor rose shakily, and said, â€Å"We'd better tie and gag him. Later, we can decide what to do.† He brushed his long hair back. Turbor said, â€Å"How did you guess there was something wrong with him?† Anthor turned sardonically upon him. â€Å"It wasn't difficult. You see, I happen to know where the Second Foundation really is.† Successive shocks have a decreasing effect- It was with actual mildness that Semic asked, â€Å"Are you sure? I mean we've just gone through this sort of business with Munn-â€Å" This isn't quite the same,† returned Anthor. â€Å"Darell, the day the war started, I spoke to you most seriously. I tried to have you leave Terminus. I would have told you then what I will tell you now, if I had been able to trust you.† â€Å"You mean you have known the answer for half a year?† smiled Darell. â€Å"I have known it from the time I learned that Arcadia had left for Trantor.† And Darell started to his feet in sudden consternation. â€Å"What had Arcadia to do with it? What are you implying?† â€Å"Absolutely nothing that is not plain on the face of all the events we know so well. Arcadia goes to Kalgan and flees in terror to the very center of the Galaxy, rather than return home. Lieutenant Dirige, our best agent on Kalgan is tampered with. Homir Munn goes to Kalgan and he is tampered with. The Mule conquered the Galaxy, but, queerly enough, he made Kalgan his headquarters, and it occurs to me to wonder if he was conqueror or, perhaps, tool. At every turn, we meet with Kalgan, Kalgan – nothing but Kalgan, the world that somehow survived untouched all the struggles of the warlords for over a century.† â€Å"Your conclusion, then.† â€Å"Is obvious,† Anthor's eyes were intense. â€Å"The Second Foundation is on Kalgan.† Turbor interrupted. â€Å"I was on Kalgan, Anthor. I was there last week. If there was any Second Foundation on it, I'm mad. Personally, I think you're mad.† The young man whirled on him savagely. â€Å"Then you're a fat fool. What do you expect the Second Foundation to be? A grammar school? Do you think that Radiant Fields in tight beams spell out ‘Second Foundation' in green and purple along the incoming spaceship routes? Listen to me, Turbor. Wherever they are, they form a tight oligarchy. They must be as well hidden on the world on which they exist, as the world itself is in the Galaxy as a whole.† Turbor's jaw muscles writhed. â€Å"I don't like your attitude, Anthor.† â€Å"That certainly disturbs me,† was the sarcastic response. â€Å"Take a look about you here on Terminus. We're at the center – the core – the origin of the First Foundation with all its knowledge of physical science. Well, how many of the population are physical scientists? Can you operate an Energy Transmitting Station? What do you know of the operation of a hyperatomic motor? Eh? The number of real scientists on Terminus – even on Terminus – can be numbered at less than one percent of the population. â€Å"And what then of the Second Foundation where secrecy must be preserved. There will still be less of the cognoscenti, and these will be hidden even from their own world.† â€Å"Say,† said Semic, carefully. â€Å"We just licked Kalgan-â€Å" â€Å"So we did. So we did,† said Anthor, sardonically. â€Å"Oh, we celebrate that victory. The cities are still illuminated; they are still shooting off fireworks; they are still shouting over the televisors. But now, now, when the search is on once more for the Second Foundation, where is the last place well look; where is the last place anyone will look? Right! Kalgan! â€Å"We haven't hurt them, you know; not really. We've destroyed some ships, killed a few thousands, torn away their Empire, taken over some of their commercial and economic power – but that all means nothing. I'll wager that not one member of the real ruling class of Kalgan is in the least discomfited. On the contrary, they are now safe from curiosity. But not from my curiosity. What do you say, Darell?† Darell shrugged his shoulders. â€Å"Interesting. I'm trying to fit it in with a message I received from Arcadia a few months since.† â€Å"Oh, a message?† asked Anthor. â€Å"And what was it?† â€Å"Well, I'm not certain. Five short words. But its interesting.† â€Å"Look,† broke in Semic, with a worried interest, â€Å"there's something I don't understand.† â€Å"What's that?† Semic chose his words carefully, his old upper lip lifting with each word as if to let them out singly and reluctantly. â€Å"Well, now, Homir Munn was saying just a while ago that Hari Seldon was faking when he said that he had established a Second Foundation. Now you're saying that it's not so; that Seldon wasn't faking, eh?† â€Å"Right, he wasn't faking. Seldon said he had established a Second Foundation and so he had.† â€Å"All right, then, but he said something else, too. He said he established the two Foundations at opposite ends of the Galaxy. Now, young man, was that a fake – because Kalgan isn't at the opposite end of the Galaxy.† Anthor seemed annoyed, â€Å"That's a minor point. That part may well have been a cover up to protect them. But after all, think – What real use would it serve to have the Mind-masters at the opposite end of the Galaxy? What is their function? To help preserve the Plan. Who are the main card players of the Plan? We, the First Foundation. Where can they best observe us, then, and serve their own ends? At the opposite end of the Galaxy? Ridiculous! They're within fifty parsecs, actually, which is much more sensible.† â€Å"I like that argument,† said Darell. â€Å"It makes sense. Look here, Munn's been conscious for some time and I propose we loose him. He can't do any harm, really.† Anthor looked rebellious, but Homir was nodding vigorously. Five seconds later he was rubbing his wrists just as vigorously. â€Å"How do you feel?† asked Darell. â€Å"Rotten,† said Munn, sulkily, â€Å"but never mind. There's something I want to ask this bright young thing here. I've heard what he's had to say, and I'd just like permission to wonder what we do next.† There was a queer and incongruous silence. Munn smiled bitterly. â€Å"Well, suppose Kalgan is the Second Foundation. Who on Kalgan are they? How are you going to find them? How are you going to tackle them if you find them, eh?† â€Å"Ah,† said Darell, â€Å"I can answer that, strangely enough. Shall I tell you what Semic and I have been doing this past half-year? It may give you another reason, Anthor, why I was anxious to remain on Terminus all this time.† â€Å"In the first place,† he went on, â€Å"I've been working on encephalographic analysis with more purpose than any of you may suspect. Detecting Second Foundation minds is a little more subtle than simply finding a Tamper Plateau – and I did not actually succeed. But I came close enough. â€Å"Do you know, any of you, how emotional control works? It's been a popular subject with fiction writers since the time of the Mule and much nonsense has been written, spoken, and recorded about it. For the most part, it has been treated as something mysterious and occult. Of course, it isn't. That the brain is the source of a myriad, tiny electromagnetic fields, everyone knows. Every fleeting emotion varies those fields in more or less intricate fashion, and everyone should know that, too. â€Å"Now it is possible to conceive a mind which can sense these changing fields and even resonate with them. That is, a special organ of the cerebrum can exist which can take on whatever field-pattern it may detect. Exactly how it would do this, I have no idea, but that doesn't matter. if I were blind, for instance, I could still learn the significance of photons and energy quanta and it could be reasonable to me that the absorption of a photon of such energy could create chemical changes in some organ of the body such that its presence would be detectable. But, of course, I would not be able, thereby, to understand color. â€Å"Do all of you follow?† There was a firm nod from Anthor; a doubtful nod from the others. â€Å"Such a hypothetical Mind Resonating Organ, by adjusting itself to the Fields emitted by other minds could perform what is popularly known as ‘reading emotion' or even ‘reading minds,' which is actually something even more subtle. It is but an easy step from that to imagining a similar organ which could actually force an adjustment on another mind. It could orient with its stronger Field the weaker one of another mind – much as a strong magnet will orient the atomic dipoles in a bar of steel and leave it magnetized thereafter. â€Å"I solved the mathematics of Second Foundationism in the sense that I evolved a function that would predict the necessary combination of neuronic paths that would allow for the formation of an organ such as I have just described – but, unfortunately, the function is too complicated to solve by any of the mathematical tools at present known. That is too bad, because it means that I can never detect a Mind-worker by his encephalographic pattern alone. â€Å"But I could do something else. I could, with Semic's help, construct what I shall describe as a Mental Static device. It is not beyond the ability of modem science to create an energy source that will duplicate an encephalograph-type pattern of electromagnetic field. Moreover, it can be made to shift at complete random, creating, as far as this particular mind-sense is concerned, a sort of ‘noise' or ‘static' which masks other minds with which it may be in contact. â€Å"Do you still follow?† Semic chuckled. He had helped create blindly, but he had guessed, and guessed correctly. The old man had a trick or two left- Anthor said, â€Å"I think I do.† â€Å"The device,† continued Darell, â€Å"is a fairly easy one to produce, and I had all the resources of the Foundation under my control as it came under the heading of war research. And now the mayor's offices and the Legislative assemblies are surrounded with Mental Static. So are most of our key factories. So is this building. Eventually, any place we wish can be made absolutely safe from the Second Foundation or from any future Mule. And that's it.† He ended quite simply with a flat-palmed gesture of the hand. Turbor seemed stunned. â€Å"Then it's all over. Great Seldon, it's all over.† â€Å"Well,† said Darell, â€Å"not exactly.† â€Å"How, not exactly? Is there something more?† â€Å"Yes, we haven't located the Second Foundation yet!† â€Å"What,† roared Anthor, â€Å"are you trying to say-â€Å" â€Å"Yes, I am. Kalgan is not the Second Foundation.† â€Å"How do you know?† â€Å"It's easy,† grunted Darell. â€Å"You see I happen to know where the Second Foundation really is.†

Biology – Patterns in Nature

Biology – Pattern in Nature 1. Organisms are made of cells that have similar structural characteristics 1. 2. 1Outline the Historical development of the cell theory, in particular, the contributions of Robert Hooke and Robert Brown. †¢1665 English scientist Robert Hooke used microscope to examine thin slices of cork and saw small box-like compartments he called cells. He was first to realise plant material had organised structure at microscopic level. (compound microscope) †¢1831 Scottish Botanist Robert Brown was involved in a dispute about how pollination and fertilisation occurred in plants.During his study with orchids, he noted that ‘Each cell has a spherical structure’. He named it the nucleus of a cell. First to introduce the concept of a nucleated cell as unit of structure in plants. 1. 2. 2Describe evidence to support the cell theory. †¢Cell theory evidence accumulated over 600 years with advancement of technology with the microscope and le nses. †¢14th century Italian monks invented magnifying glass spectacles. †¢1590 first two lens/ compound microscope made by Hans and Zacharias Janssen. †¢1676 Leeuwenhoek (Dutch) saw micro organisms under a microscope in a drop of pond water. 1824 Henri Dutrochet (French) suggested that all organisms are composed of cells. †¢1838 Schleiden and Schwann (German) further advanced idea that all organisms are made of cells.Increasing evidence. E. g. first researcher to view single yeast cells budding and producing new cells. From that time on, cells regarded as building block of life. †¢1859 Rudolph Virchow (German) stated that all cells divide and that is how new cells are made. †¢1879 Walther Flemming (German) used biological stains to view cells dividing and verified the ideas of Virchow. 1. 2. Discuss the significance of technological advances to developments of cell theory †¢Middle ages- Spontaneous generation- meat + maggots, tadpoles/frogs in H20 . (Living matter arises from non-living matter. Problem= the source of new life/ eggs could not be seen, too microscopic. †¢Magnifying lens made in 1300 but not used in astronomical instruments and microscopes until 1600’s. †¢Earliest microscope was single lens. Compound was developed soon after, had 2 lens, objective and an ocular- mounted in a tube. It wasn’t until 1660’s before developed enough to be useful. †¢Eye can only be 10cm close to an object to be able to see it in focus.Closer than that the eye cannot resolve or separate small objects so blurred. Resolution= to see objects as separate and distinct. Magnifying lenses spread light rays so they strike the eye lens at a much greater angle of incidence than unaided eye. Magnification= to make things appear bigger. †¢Not much development happened for 200 years in microscope advances due to problems with chromatic aberration. †¢Schwann helped to dispel theory of spontaneous generati on by magnifying 400 times meat extracts through which hot air had passed. It was found meat was sterile. Also used microscope to trace presence of yeast in grape juice and beer.

Free Essays on Refelctions On Icebreaking

Reflections on Ice-Breaking The poem, â€Å"Reflections on Ice-Breaking,† by Ogden Nash is only four lines. However, a lot can be interpreted from four lines. The entirety of the poem reads: â€Å"Candy/ is dandy/ but liquor/ is quicker.† The title lets the reader know exactly what the poem will be about. The poem is analyzing what substance helps make the best ice-breaker. Ice-breakers require getting to know someone –breaking down their inhibitions. With a poem this short in length, each word must be paid close attention to. The word â€Å"candy† is usually associated with being sweet. â€Å"Dandy† means something excellent in its class. â€Å"Candy/ is dandy† shows that candy is nice or excellent. However, it is then followed with the word â€Å"but.† The â€Å"but† signifies that there is something better than candy: liquor. Candy is commonly associated with children while liquor is commonly associated with adults. By saying that candy is excellent but now liquor is superior, it symbolizes the growth of the speaker from a child into an adult. It explains both the past and the present. The title of the poem, â€Å"Reflections on Ice-Breaking,† explains why candy is no longer adequate. When getting to know someone, it often helps if the person is willing to tell all and be uninhibited. Liquor is known to cause people to throw away inhibition and be their true selves. Candy can only satisfy taste, and does not usually alter someone’s actions. It is therefore not an effective ice-breaker. This shows that what tastes best doesn’t always have the best effect. People must suffer through the flagrant taste of the liquor to get what they want. It would be much easier to eat the sweet-tasting candy, but that will not give the desired result.... Free Essays on Refelctions On Icebreaking Free Essays on Refelctions On Icebreaking Reflections on Ice-Breaking The poem, â€Å"Reflections on Ice-Breaking,† by Ogden Nash is only four lines. However, a lot can be interpreted from four lines. The entirety of the poem reads: â€Å"Candy/ is dandy/ but liquor/ is quicker.† The title lets the reader know exactly what the poem will be about. The poem is analyzing what substance helps make the best ice-breaker. Ice-breakers require getting to know someone –breaking down their inhibitions. With a poem this short in length, each word must be paid close attention to. The word â€Å"candy† is usually associated with being sweet. â€Å"Dandy† means something excellent in its class. â€Å"Candy/ is dandy† shows that candy is nice or excellent. However, it is then followed with the word â€Å"but.† The â€Å"but† signifies that there is something better than candy: liquor. Candy is commonly associated with children while liquor is commonly associated with adults. By saying that candy is excellent but now liquor is superior, it symbolizes the growth of the speaker from a child into an adult. It explains both the past and the present. The title of the poem, â€Å"Reflections on Ice-Breaking,† explains why candy is no longer adequate. When getting to know someone, it often helps if the person is willing to tell all and be uninhibited. Liquor is known to cause people to throw away inhibition and be their true selves. Candy can only satisfy taste, and does not usually alter someone’s actions. It is therefore not an effective ice-breaker. This shows that what tastes best doesn’t always have the best effect. People must suffer through the flagrant taste of the liquor to get what they want. It would be much easier to eat the sweet-tasting candy, but that will not give the desired result....

Why You Shouldnt Mix Bleach With Ammonia

Why You Shouldn't Mix Bleach With Ammonia The chemical reactions involved in mixing bleach and ammonia produce extremely dangerous toxic vapors. Thus, its important to understand some first aid advice in case youre accidentally exposed to a bleach and ammonia mixture. Noxious Fumes and Poisonous Reactions The primary toxic chemical formed by this reaction is chloramine vapor, which has the potential to form hydrazine. Chloramines are a group of related compounds well-known to be respiratory irritants. In addition to respiratory irritation, hydrazine can also cause edema, headache, nausea, and seizures. Mixing bleach and ammonia also produces chlorine gas, which has been used as a chemical weapon. Two common ways to accidentally mix these chemicals include: Mixing cleaning products (generally a bad idea)Using chlorine bleach to disinfect water that contains organic matter (i.e., pond water) Chemicals Produced Note that each of these chemicals but water and salt is toxic: NH3 ammoniaHCl hydrochloric acidNaOCl sodium hypochlorite (bleach)Cl chlorineCl2 chlorine gasNH2Cl chloramineN2H4 hydrazineNaCl sodium chloride or saltH2O water Likely Chemical Reactions Bleach decomposes to form hydrochloric acid, which reacts with ammonia to form toxic chloramine fumes. First, hydrochloric acid forms. NaOCl → NaOH HOCl HOCl → HCl O Next, the ammonia and chlorine gas react to form chloramine, which is released as a vapor. NaOCl 2HCl → Cl2 NaCl H2O 2NH3 Cl2 → 2NH2Cl If ammonia is present in excess (which it may or may not be, depending on your mixture), toxic and potentially explosive liquid hydrazine may form. While impure hydrazine tends not to explode, it does have the potential to boil and spray hot, chemically toxic liquid. 2NH3 NaOCl → N2H4 NaCl H2O First Aid When Exposed If you become exposed to fumes from mixing bleach and ammonia, immediately remove yourself from the area to fresh air and seek emergency medical attention. While the vapors may attack your eyes and mucous membranes, the biggest threat derives from inhaling the gases. Get away from the site where the chemicals were mixed. You cant call for help if you are overwhelmed by the fumes.Call 911 for emergency help. If you feel that 911 is unwarranted, call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 for advice on handling the effects of exposure and chemical cleanup.If you find someone unconscious who you believe is suffering from inhalation of bleach/ammonia compound, try to remove the person to fresh air, preferably outdoors. Call 911 for emergency assistance. Do not hang up until instructed to do so.Seek proper cleanup and disposal instructions from Poison Control. Such a mistake is most likely to be made in a bathroom or kitchen, so thoroughly ventilate the area before returning to dispose of the compound and start cleanup.

Managing conflicts assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing conflicts assessment - Essay Example When conflict occurs finding a resolution is imperative because conflict can disrupt the work environment of an organization. Five recognized techniques that line managers can utilize to resolve conflict are accommodation, collaboration, compromise, avoidance, and authoritative command. Accommodation involves playing down the differences and finding areas of agreement among the parties. Collaboration allows the parties to recognize that something is wrong and the problem needs immediate attention. The underlying problem is the root of the conflict. A compromise is a good method to find a resolution because each party gives up something of value to the other in order to end the conflict. Avoidance pretends that the problem does not exist. The assumption is that the problem will play itself down through time. Authoritative command uses formal authority to end the conflict. As a manager I would create harmony at work and engender a positive atmosphere by focusing on building a strong corporate culture. The corporate culture of the company should bring the employees closer to each other. A second technique that I would use to build a better workplace is by empowering my employees. Employees that feel they are valued by their supervisors are more likely to achieve job satisfaction. A third technique I would use to create harmony is

Understanding Plot Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Understanding Plot - Assignment Example Loisel (Mathilde’s husband) comes with an attendance invitation to the splendid ball. Mathilde reacts to this invitation by throwing a fit. The conflict arises because Mathilde has the chance of tasting the high and good life, but she lacks something to put on. This conflict sets the story in motion Mathilde’s husband solves the problem by giving her money to buy a dress. However, a second problem arises; she needs some jewelry. Fortunately for her, Mme (her friend) lends her a fabulous diamond necklace. The complication arises since Mathilde has been given something expensive by someone and she has to take care of it. This scene illustrates the potential for a complication. Mathilde’s mingling with the rich was the best moment of her life. The necklace gets lost, and the moment of happiness turns into a desperate search for the missing necklace. This scene implies that things will not end well. This is the story’s climax. We (the audience) are always kept in suspense after the necklace gets lost. First, there is the frantic search for the lost necklace; will they find it? When it dawns that the necklace will not be found, the question which pops up is; what will they (Loisels) do? Will they look for a replacement or what? If they find the replacement, how will they pay for it? As it turns out, paying for the lost necklace takes a toll on their lives for a period of ten years. It looks like the conflict is over when Mathilde finally meets Forestier Mme at the Champs Elysees. The Loisels finally have finished making payments for the necklace. This illustrates that the main action is finally over. Mathilde is anxiously waiting to see if her friend recognizes the substitute. Contrary to the audience’s expectations, things turn out differently. Some critics imply that the twist ending in the story is the climax. However, the twist ending is the conclusion of this story and not its climax. Unlike most other stories, the conclusion

Contracts for Healthcare Executives Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Contracts for Healthcare Executives - Assignment Example However, under a system of Universal Healthcare, the burden is lifted and taken care of by the government. There is an ensuing debate of whether or not America should adopt such a system. The arguments for both sides are overwhelming and at times can be tough to understand. Avant Healthcare Professionals provide leading specialists with internationally educated nursing and health professionals. By collaborating with international health care professionals with their client facilities, the organization is building steps towards a new future in order to achieve their mutual goal. By providing highly skilled and internationally trained healthcare professionals, the organization provides the ultimate ‘international’ solution to the Healthcare staffing shortage. http://www.avanthealthcare.com/ When it comes to marketing their peer-to-peer channel has enthused in the agency’s strategic intelligence and the business plan, and measurement tools are now as fundamental as their medical insight and creative aptitude. (http://www.avanthealthcaremarketing.com) With constantly changing healthcare systems, the year 2010 is forecasted as being ‘the year of the consumer’. A need to transform health plans into retail plans – but with a health care point of view – has suddenly arisen as the market shifts away from the traditional wholesale orientation. Thus, consumer level brand equity has never been more important – company’s need to focus on developing innovative products, attracting members, and advance their brands in a revolutionary way; considering, in particular, market alteration and cost plans constraints today. The prospects that stand out to leverage brand loyalty with its customers start off from real-time experimentations.  

Impact Of General Elections On Indian Stock Market Finance Essay

Impact Of General Elections On Indian Stock Market Finance Essay Indian Stock Market deeply follows two set features of New Delhi circus- the budget and the general elections. This time is no exception. While recession has deeply affected the global economy and those who are given the best deals are also in relative tatters, general elections in India would not have any less profound impact on the Indian economy. Here is hoping that a big number of positives come out instead. Having said that, a rational study of the electoral mandate only seems logical. In fact, Morgan Stanley believes that the outcome of elections would only be second to the global recession in terms of impacting the country.   The institutions deem the poll results to be ahead of fiscal policies and corporate basics in unleashing a change in financial dynamics. According to people in the know, roughly 10000 crore rupees would be spent on the general elections and it would bolster the stock market. Many are on a consensus that if somehow a business and reform-friendly coalition can make its way, then there would be no dearth of stock market bounties. In this regard, nothing can work out better than a single party majority. It has been witnessed many a times that reforms have been impeded by retrograde forces teaming up for a coalition government. Normally pleasant fallout of the general elections would be higher liquidity that in any event is set to boost the stock market. It surely would be an aid in revival of the plastered economy. Theorists agree that victory for congress and BJP would be in favor of the stock market while Left front or a third party coalition would adversely affect the growth of the market. Stock markets are furiously swirled by the momentum gathered through the outcome of general elections. It has been seen in the past. Perhaps it has to do with privatization, infrastructure boost and the lack of it. A reform-averse political group would impede structural reforms and hit the blue chip companies hard. It would be true for other stock units too. It is noticeable that global market and FDI pool is bound to swell at the smell of a favorable mandate in Indian elections. In contrariety, it would be a gathering of cynics in the world corporate ring, once India suffers a fractured mandate. In essentiality, any such mandate would represent a higher risk for FDI investors. World is fast moving towards anti-capitalism. Assets are being nationalized at an expeditious rate. There are plenty of religious and political turmoil. Pakistan remains a crux issue. Nuclear questions and defense sentiments are on a high. In such a time, there can be ramifications beyond reprieve. However, the general election has to be an answer to the political dilemma and here is hoping that the victor does not bleed the country further. Stock market is an index, the reflection of our financial strength and people of India are anticipating a surge in its numbers post this election. www.webhush.com à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Analysis : effect of election mania on Indian stock market Indian Stock Market has seen lot of positive and negative trends in the Election month. Lot of volatility was seen in the market for past 5 weeks. This process may continue until the election results are clearly visible. Many traders have lost their money in this volatile market, but investors were big gainers, Here, EquityPandit.com brings its analysis for the direction of stock market in the upcoming days. Read the full post for better understanding and book profits by predicting the direction of the Indian stock market in the Election time: Election Year 1998-1999 Date Event Market Movement Feb-16 to Feb-28 First to Fourth poll Voting Up by 12% March-6 NDA Won the Election Up by 3% Overall movement in Feb Election Month. Market was up by 12% Oct-Nov 1999 NDA lost majority Voting for new government begin. Market was down by 13% Nov-Dec 1999 NDA won again with full majority Market was up by 23% Election Year 2004 Date Event Market Movement Apr-20 to May-10 First to Fourth poll Voting Down by 6.7% May-13 Left Front Led UPA won the Election Down by 6% May-14 Left Front comments on Stock Market regulation Black day for Market Down by 12% in a single day Overall movement in May Election Month. Market was down by 13% Jun-Jul 2004 UPA Govt. Start Economic reform Market was up by 9% Election Year 2009 Date Event Market Movement April 16 to April 13 First to Fourth poll voting Up by 11% From the above statistics it is clear that it was tough to predict the market movement, during the Election month and it may continue after the results are been declared, if no one won with clear majority. Also we can conclude following points from the above table: 1.  Ã‚   The one thing the equity market hates the most, is uncertainty. The next week thus is likely to see maximum volatility with traders and speculators riding the momentum the build up first, some profit booking and maybe a sell-off before the big event. So Last Friday-sell-off may be the starting of the sell off. 2.  Ã‚   Market never accepts the government with left front or third front government. So one thing is very clear, be prepared for big sell off, it that happened. 3.  Ã‚   Market will be very comfortable if Congress or BJP will come with full majority. We may see this rally going towards 13500-14000, or we may say 20% kind of rally. Conclusion: 1.  Ã‚   Investor must stay away till the election results dont get declared. Remember cash is the king and if you use it at right time, it will give massive returns in a short span. 2.  Ã‚   Traders mostly loose their money in this type of market as fluctuation is always a killer for traders. So quality and timing of calls makes the difference. Just remember, as an investor you can earn as much as 100-150% in a span of two month but not as a trader because this rally surprises everybody. One week back EquityPandit.com had a discussion with few brokerage houses and they all were shock by this up move. Most of them generated losses, as they went short at a level of 11000-11500. Trading is always effective in a pure bull or bear market, but not an intermediate market like this. 3.  Ã‚   If you will see the investment figures of DII (Domestic Investors), it is very clear they booked the profit slowly and steadily without any panic. Also history suggest that big players stay away during such event and come up with big bull or bear depending upon the poll results. www.equitypandit.com/2009//analysis-effect-of-election-mania-on-indian-stock-market/ Election time stock returns It appears that the stock market show a strong correlation with the national events like the elections. If we go by the past data for stock market price movements from 1980 onwards, there seems to be on an average, 4% gain in 3 months before the elections of Lok Sabha in India. This average value s at 4% because it was in 2004 when there was a very small return of 0.7% in 2004 and a -2.1% in 1989 elections. On all the other occasions, the 3 months return from the stock markets before the elections has been much higher, as much as 13.5%. Though the gains in 2004 and 1980 were less than 1% returns in the three-month period before the polls, they were still positive. The only time it went into negative territory was in 1989 due to the Bofors controversy. What is the reason for good positive returns from the stock market during the election times? As per EconomicTimes, From the investors point of view, sectors such as media, FMCG and auto look favourities in the run-up to the elections as polls are known to boost consumption. Readership of newspapers goes up during elections and so does news channels viewership. Also, though it is not legally allowed, Sales profits of alcoholic beverages shoot up during elections; and with increase in money supply, more pronounced in rural areas, personal care products are also likely to benefit. Auto sales usually go up (marginal increase) as SUVs are used for election campaigns, personal transportation and security of politicians. Even this year, since March 16 exactly one month to the elections the index has already risen by 2.5%. But will the market sustain the momentum postelection? Analysis since 1980 shows that a month after the polls, the bellwether index posts an average rise of 3.5%. On six out of the eight times since 1980, investors have made gains. So is it the time to take the bet? Well, it all works randomly, so take your own shots and hope for the best! INDIA CARNIVAL: Election is like big carnival in India with entire population from all walks of life gets swayed by it. There are colors and flood of money flowing. Everything comes to stand still. School, colleges and offices close on voting day. In India election process is held in multiple phases. 2009 election will be one month extravaganza coming to an end by 16th may 2009, when one will be able to know about the victor and the vanquished. The outcome of the election will also determine the development trajectory of the India incorporate. ELECTION OUTCOME AND INVESTOR: India, the world`s largest democracy with an electorate of more than 700 million voter, goes to the poll in April -May 2009. We believe 2009 election will throw up the hung parliament with fractured mandate. As long as BJP or a Congress led alliances is in power, investor will likely be reassured of stability in terms of government as well as policies. If a Third Front comes to power, it will create uncertainties in the mind of investor on the development and policies front. Any Third Front government won`t be getting investors vote of confidence. CURRENT SCENARIO: Indian election is taking place in back drop of global economic turmoil. The domestic growth stories of the past years have vanished. Capitalism is under siege and private assets are being nationalized worldwide. India has domestic issues like growing terrorist attacks, law and order situation, religious fundamentalism on rise, problem in neighboring country Pakistan and many more that will be the key issue that will dominate the election. The world will be closely watching the development. The composition, Utterances and deeds of the next administration will be critical to the direction the nation takes and how the outside world views the country. Will the next government carry forward the broad policy direction which began in 1991 and push forward with the unfinished reform agenda? http://www.sharetipsinfo.com/bse-vs-nse_clip_image004_0000.gif ELECTION AND STOCK MARKET: Returns from the past seven to eight elections have no exact set pattern. The returns in the run up to the elections have been lackluster. Market generally in all the occasion has shown range bound trading or sideways movement. Twelve month return post elections have been positive on four occasions and marginally negative on two occasions. Years when government took bold steps or the mandate swayed in favor of one party has raised the hope of investors and hence good returns were seen. 1984, 1989 and 1991, the market rallied in the first year of the government. After 1996 a significant change has been on the political front in India i.e.; beginning of coalition era. The returns in these times were very moderate as the mandate was clear. The other reason could be Asian crisis, nuclear test, Kargil war, Dotcom bust. Election event when market showed significant movement: YEAR EVENTS 1984 Indira Gandhi got assassinated; Rajiv Gandhi came to power with overwhelming majority. Market gave thumbs up. 1989 VP Singh became the PM. A massive drive against corruption in the government was taken in good way by the investor. 1991 Congress came to power after the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi. Market reacted positively. NEGATIVES FOR MARKET 2009: Earning downgrade in next 2-3 quarter. The ongoing government is like a caretaker government with no fresh proposal and budget will be placed by the new government in power. Stability and ability of the government cannot be judged at this point. Fiscal deficit is high at 5% of the GDP. Indo -Pak relationship hits new low. Terrorist attack. Index heavy weight like RPower, Suzlon, JP Associates plunged by more than 75% from the peak. Many of these stock compositions of the index do not have 5 years standing in the market. POSITIVE FOR MARKET 2009: Sensex trading at 9x to the expected 2009 earnings. Falling commodity price will ease input cost of the industries. Government policies to boost the economy. Inflation at record low. Lower crude price. As interest rate in developed economy is record low, India could attract investment. CONCLUSION: As the new government settles down and the reform that was taken up by the previous government is carried forward, we believe market will again resume its bull run in the second half of the 2009. We also believe the era of coalition is here to stay and market will not be affected as long as it is seen that the coalition is stable and there are no expectation of major policy reversal. However if the Third front comes to power, the market is likely to taste another low. Our small endeavor will help you understand market in better way. http://www.sharetipsinfo.com/election-stockmarket.html Upbeat stock market scores high Indian stock market is inching closer to its past glory, riding high on the wave of better-than-expected growth of countrys gross domestic product; scaling new heights in the wake of re-election of Manmohan Singh-led UPA (United Progressive Alliance) government at the centre; and driving strength from its pronounced agenda of economic reform and disinvestments. As President of India, Pratibha Patil unleashed her governments vision and roadmap for the next five years in the lower and upper houses of Indian Parliament on 4th June, 2009, the Sensex rallied past 15,000-level for the first time in the past nine months in a symbol of rising confidence and bolstered sentiments in the market as well as in economy. Clear mandate in favour of UPA plays a pivotal role: The re-induction of the UPA government at the centre has been more fruitful for the market as compared to its first stint in 2004, when owing to the absence of a clear mandate in General Election and subsequent dependence on Left parties to form the Government was seen as an obstacle to economic growth and liberalization. As a result the Government was welcomed by a 564 points fall in the Sensex on May 17, 2004 to close at 4505 from its previous level of 5069. In a sharp contrast, UPA victory, and Congresss emergence as a stronger alliance leader this time was given a clear thumbs up by the market as Sensex and Nifty broke all records to hit the upper circuit breaker, with stock market surging by 17 per cent in a single day. The bulls run continued as the index moved from 12,000 levels to 15,000 levels within a span of just 14 trade sessions. With the Government charting out its plan to pump in massive resources in a plethora of core sectors, including, telecom, roads, ports, health, education and rural development, in addition to initiating firm disinvestment policy, market sentiment continues to remain strong over the last three weeks. Many stocks in the BSE-500 category, belonging to the sectors like realty, infrastructure and finance, have risen beyond 100 per cent in the last 15 trading sessions, as the hope of financial sector reforms and increased government spending in infrastructure prevails over the investors mindset. According to Alex Mathew, Head of Research at Geojit BNP Paribas Financial, The agenda of the new UPA Government to revive the economy by allowing increased investment into infrastructure sector and other stressed sectors pepped up the market,. Disinvestment hope peps up market: After experiencing a subdued interest between 2003 and 2007, the listed PSUs were ushered in with renewed focus after the UPA win in General Election 2009. The BSE PSU index climbed up 39.5 per cent since the announcement of the verdict, surpassing the 24 per cent rise in BSE-500 and 20 per cent jump in Sensex level during the same period of time. As UPA Government is expected to push through sales of centres stake in listed PSUs, the stocks of these government undertakings saw a substantial rise over the last couple of weeks. Stocks of the companies, which have 92-99 per cent government holdings, including MMTC, NMDC and RCF registered strong gains, with returns of 45 per cent to 104 per cent. The market welcomes the proposal of disinvestment because it acts a booster for the economy, generating funds to improve the fiscal deficit. At a time when soaring subsidy bills and government-sponsored stimulus measures have widened the fiscal deficit, with economic slowdown adversely affecting revenue receipt, disinvestment is definitely one viable method to reduce fiscal burden. The fiscal deficit for FY-09 at a staggering Rs 3,30,000 crore, is around 21 per cent of the total market capitalisation of the BSE PSU index. Market is expecting that proceeds from the disinvestment will come back into the Budget to partially fill in the fiscal deficit. In addition, IPOs from unlisted government undertakings could rejuvenate the IPO market, further leading to a strengthened stock market. Eight of the sixteen PSUs/banks which used the IPO market to mobilize resources in the last half a decade, including Power Grid Corporation, REC, PFC, Indian Bank proved strong enough to outshine the BSE Sensex. The recent batch of PSU offers during 2007 and 2008 has been able to deliver reasonable returns for the investors, even amidst the financial meltdown and credit crunch. Even in the bull market, IPOs from the public sector enterprises, unlike their corporate counterparts, were priced modestly, thus leaving money for the investors. In some cases, discounts to prevailing market prices were offered to retail investors. As a combined effect of all these factors, most of the PSU stocks, divested even during the bull run in 2007 or early 2008 delivered positive premium. FIIs propel surge in Indian stocks: As the emergence of a stable government at the centre has boosted market sentiment, the bull momentum created a few weeks ago continued to drive the markets to new height in every week. To a large extent, renewed interest of foreign institutional investors (FIIs) is responsible for the upward movement of Sensex. After drawing out a massive Rs 52,987 crore from the Indian stock markets in 2008, which saw the Bombay Stock Exchange benchmark Sensex plummeting 51 per cent, FIIs turned net buyers during the last week of March. In the run-up of General Election, FIIs continued to put money in Indian stocks in the month of April, and invested over US$1 billion in domestic market, owing to the impressive results delivered by large enterprises-that beefed up confidence of foreign investors. Add to this, the re-election of reformist UPA government at the power, and one can see India back on FII radar with a big bang. Gokul Laroia, managing director of Morgan Stanley Asia said that India funds a large portion of its growth through external resources. Investors are very positive on the country after big issues such as the election verdict exceeded expectations. As per latest estimates, FIIs have invested around US$1 billion in Indian stocks in every week of May, as total inflow of FII fund to the country crossed US$4 billion so far in 2009. Global investors have brought in nearly to US$200 million in India-focused equity funds in the first week of June, while the overall Asia-dedicated funds witnessed the biggest inflows of as much as US$1.54 billion, a report says. According to data compiled by international fund tracking firm, EPFR Global, India equity funds received an inflow of US$199 million in the first week of June, which is the highest amount seen in the last 55 weeks. As per statistics available with the market regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) till May-end, FIIs have bought shares worth Rs 1,96,021 crore in 2009, while they sold equities valued at Rs 1,75,547 crore. The net investment of FIIs in Indian stocks touched US$4.2 billion (around Rs 20,473 crore), with prime portion of inflows coming in the golden month of May. In addition to the India-specific factors which revived FIIs interest in the stock market, experts believe that the increased FII inflow in India is part of the overseas bullish investment strategy of institutional investors in many emerging markets after a lull period of over a year. Future outlook: According to financial services major Morgan Stanley, the Indian stock market is likely to outshine its global peers and the benchmark Sensex could touch the 19,000-level by the end of this year. A global market sell-off remains a key risk to absolute performance in Indian equities though we think Indian equities will likely outperform, the Indian strategy report of Morgan Stanley said. There is 40 per cent probability of a bull run in which case the BSE Sensex could hit the 19,000 mark by the end of 2009, the report confirmed, adding that there is only 10 per cent probability of a bear run in which case the Sensex could dip to 8,600 levels. As says Ridham Desai, Managing Director, Morgan Stanley Equity Research, that when the world is awash with liquidity, India is getting its share of it through FIIs, as sectors like auto, infrastructure, banks are expected to do well during the year. With improvement in consumer confidence index in India by 0.8 per cent in April and rise in employment confidence by 3.1 per cent, first time in last 10 months, India looks for a sustained rally in the markets in coming months. http://news.indiamart.com/news-analysis/upbeat-stock-market21936.html